Description
Eye emergencies may present in the GP surgery, A&E or an outpatient clinic, but few people outside of ophthalmology are confident about the management of eye problems. This book will give you the essential skills to:
- perform an initial assessment
- understand what you can manage yourself and how to do the basics
- decide when you need to refer to ophthalmology.
In addition, the book provides:
- a glossary of common ophthalmic terminology and medications which will be invaluable when reviewing ophthalmology letters
- a triage ready reckoner to help you sort the symptoms and decide how quickly you need to refer
- a systems-based approach to highlight common conditions and then describes how to assess, investigate and manage each of them
- a guide to the most common investigations and how to interpret the results.
At all stages, symbols are used to highlight what can safely be undertaken in general practice and A&E, and when ophthalmologists should take over. Red flag boxes highlight important clinical concepts that should never be missed, and red text is used to indicate sight- or life-threatening conditions.
This is a book to help anyone looking to refresh their knowledge of diagnosis, management and referral to ophthalmology: medical students, foundation doctors, GPs, A&E doctors, junior ophthalmology specialty trainees, ophthalmic nurses and nurse practitioners.
1 Basic ophthalmic history
1.1 Introduction
1.2 History of presenting complaint
1.3 Systems review
1.4 Background history
2 Basic ophthalmic anatomy and examination
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Assessment of visual function
2.3 Orbit
2.4 Adnexal structures
2.5 Conjunctiva and cornea
2.6 Sclera
2.7 Anterior chamber and iridocorneal angle
2.8 Iris and pupil
2.9 Lens
2.10 Posterior segment
3 Common terminology and abbreviations used in an ophthalmological report
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Common terms
4 Common ophthalmic medications
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Key medications and their indications
4.3 Combination glaucoma drops
4.4 Dry eyes drops/lubricating eye drops
4.5 Other combination ocular medications
5 Focusing your history: sorting the symptoms
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Red eye
5.3 Acute loss of vision
5.4 Flashes and floaters
5.5 Swollen lids
5.6 Headaches with ringing in the ears (tinnitus) and visual obscuration
5.7 Transient monocular vision loss
6 Triage ready reckoner
7 The orbit
7.1 Introduction
7.2 What might an orbital condition look like?
7.3 What are the causes of an orbital presentation?
7.4 Orbital presentations you need to understand
8 Lashes, lids and lacrimal apparatus
LASHES
8.1 Lash malposition
8.2 Blepharitis
LIDS
8.3 Lid malposition
8.4 Lid lumps
8.5 Lid lesions & malignant
8.6 Lid lesions & benign
LACRIMAL APPARATUS
8.7 Epiphora
9 Conjunctiva, cornea and sclera
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Dry eye disease
9.3 Conjunctiva
9.4 Corneal ulcers
9.5 Peripheral corneal disease
9.6 Corneal graft
9.7 Corneal dystrophies
9.8 Scleritis
10 Anterior chamber and iridocorneal angle
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Uveitis
11 Lens
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Cataract
11.3 Pre-operative checks for the ophthalmologist
11.4 Post-operative checks for the ophthalmologist
11.5 Post-operative endophthalmitis
11.6 Post-operative considerations for the non-ophthalmologist
12 Medical retina
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Investigation of retinal disease: electrodiagnostic testing
12.3 Age-related macular degeneration
12.4 Retinopathy associated with systemic disease
12.5 Vascular occlusion
12.6 Inherited retinal dystrophies
12.7 Ocular oncology
13 Vitreoretinal
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Acute presentations
13.3 Chronic presentations
14 Neuro-ophthalmology
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Basic visual pathway anatomy
14.3 Neuro-ophthalmology examination
14.4 Headache
14.5 Blurred vision
14.6 Diplopia
14.7 Anisocoria
14.8 Visual field defects
15 Paediatric ophthalmology
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Paediatric history and examination
15.3 Common paediatric conditions
16 Trauma
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Trauma history and examination
16.3 Lid laceration
16.4 Chemical injury
16.5 Thermal injury
16.6 Orbital fractures
16.7 Globe injuries
16.8 Non-accidental injury in children
17 Visual fields
17.1 What is a visual field test and why do we use it?
17.2 The visual field
17.3 Types of visual field test
17.4 Common terms in visual field testing
17.5 Interpreting visual field tests
18 Ocular coherence tomography
18.1 What is ocular coherence tomography and why do we use it?
18.2 What types of OCT are there?
18.3 Macular OCT
19 Ocular ultrasound
19.1 What is an ocular ultrasound and why do we use it?
19.2 Performing an ocular ultrasound
19.3 Interpreting an ocular ultrasound
20 FFA
20.1 What is FFA and why do we use it?
20.2 Performing an FFA
20.3 Phases of FFA
20.4 Interpretation of FFA
21 Systemic inflammation
21.1 Introduction
22 Systemic infection
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Conjunctivitis
22.3 Keratitis
22.4 Scleritis
22.5 Uveitis
22.6 Endophthalmitis
22.7 Retinal signs of systemic infection
Appendix 1: Snellen chart
Appendix 2: Jaeger near vision chart
Great easy-to-read book for a super understanding of eye conditions.
‘* Really good book for anyone who wants to understand ophthalmology: easy to follow and understand with clear layout, pictures and key points highlighted.
* Unique in that it tells you exactly what to do with the patient in front of you + what will happen once patient is referred.
* Simple, concise explanations of difficult but important concepts covering the common + important presentations in a friendly tutorial style.
* 100% recommend to medical students on placement, budding ophthalmologists, ophthalmology SHOs and nurses.
*Would also be incredibly valuable to anyone who refers patients into ophthalmology (GPs/A&E clinicians).' Amazon reviewer
Practical approach to diagnosis and triage of common eye problems for wide range of clinicians
This book is very well organised with important concepts in bold text, red flags symptoms highlighted, superb illustration, and clear explanations. It includes history taking, examination and investigations covering comprehensive range of common eye problems. It is easy to read and can be used a a reference book as well. Amazon reviewer
Amazing guide to ophthalmology
'This is such a well laid-out book, easy to understand and encompasses the breadth of ophthalmology presentations so that the reader can perform a relevant initial assessment and decide on next steps. It is useful to any doctor or healthcare professional looking for guidance on common ophthalmology presentations. There is usually very little opthalmology teaching in medical schools making it a no go area for many medics (and nurses interested in ophthalmology). Each word is a pearl!' Amazon reviewer
Great book for any GP and GP registrars
‘As a GP registrar in the UK, this book has been extremely helpful. Bearing in mind there is limited equipment in primary care, this makes history and examination all the more important which this book covers in excellent detail.
The book is well organised and is useful approach to common ophthalmological presenting complaints.
Explanations are very easy to follow and illustrations are very helpful.' Amazon reviewer
Clear, Concise, Practical & Easy to Read
‘As a Consultant Ophthalmologist, I recommend this exemplary textbook to medical students, General Practitioners, and Optometrists. Nurse practitioners in Emergency Care or Ophthalmology will also find benefit.
The authors have provided an organised and useful approach to triage and diagnosis of all the common pathologies for a wide range of clinical practitioners.
It simplifies what can be a daunting subject and will ensure the reader gains a good grasp of Ophthalmology.' Amazon reviewer
Excellent – A Must Have
‘Working as a GP, I have found this book excellent as someone who is not an expert in this field, but needs to be able to triage, refer and manage a wide range of conditions that do not require specialist input.
The book has a clear layout with illustrations and explanations throughout which make it easy to pick up and refer to prior to seeing a patient or for reference during a consultation as needed.
Would certainly recommend to any GP or GP registrar looking to improve their knowledge!
PS - the handy Snellen chart in the appendix is also much appreciated..' Amazon reviewer
Would recommend to all!
‘It is a really well written book, super helpful and so well laid out. It is suitable for a wide range of people: and as a GP I found it incredibly useful to brush up on ophthalmology knowledge. Would recommend to all!!' Amazon reviewer
A Staple on the book shelf of any ophthalmologist!
‘An excellent book - concise, well-written and each condition is nicely summarised by the authors, whilst still being very comprehensive. I highly recommend to any budding ophthalmologists or those in any specialty who will manage those with acute or chronic eye conditions.' Amazon reviewer
Ophthalmology Made Easy by Michelle Attzs and Twishaa Sheth is a concise yet comprehensive guide that delivers essential ophthalmic knowledge in a digestible format. This book stands out for its accessibility and clarity, making it an invaluable resource for medical students, general practitioners, and even trainee ophthalmologists looking for a solid foundation in ophthalmology.
Attzs and Sheth have crafted a resource that simplifies complex concepts without oversimplifying, ensuring that readers grasp key clinical knowledge while maintaining the nuance necessary for accurate diagnosis and treatment. The book is organised into clear chapters, each dedicated to specific eye conditions and their management. Topics such as cataracts, glaucoma, and retinal disorders are explained with practical insights, supported by helpful illustrations and clinical contextualisation. This allows readers to apply what they’ve learned to real-life clinical scenarios.
What sets Ophthalmology Made Easy apart is its focus on practical, everyday ophthalmic problems. Rather than overwhelming readers with rare conditions, the most commonly encountered eye disorders are emphasised. This practical approach makes the book particularly useful for healthcare professionals working in primary care or in environments where access to specialised ophthalmic care may be limited.
Furthermore, the author includes tips for examination techniques and diagnostic tools, making the book not just a theoretical guide but a hands-on resource for clinical practice. While detailed enough for students and resident doctors, the language remains straightforward and approachable, ensuring that even readers with no prior background in ophthalmology can follow along.
Overall, Ophthalmology Made Easy succeeds in demystifying a complex field, providing readers with the knowledge and confidence needed to manage common ophthalmic conditions efficiently. Although lacking in depth, the breadth provided is appropriate for early career trainees and healthcare practitioners seeking a solid grounding in the fundamentals of ophthalmology.
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